T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2w-FLAIR) sequence consists of an inversion recovery pulse to suppress the signal from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and a long echo time to produce a heavily T2-weighted sequence. In conclusion, the influence of FiO 2 must be considered when differentiating pathological and normal CSF spaces on T2w-FLAIR images in dogs and cats. A clear difference in SI, dependent on the FiO 2 was seen in the peripheral CSF spaces on T2w-FLAIR images. The peripheral CSF spaces were subjectively considered hyperintense in 11 of 12 cases on T2w-FLAIR images with 95% FiO 2 ( P < 0.005). The SI ratios obtained from the T2w-FLAIR images with 95% FiO 2 were significantly higher compared with those obtained from the T2w-FLAIR images with 30% FiO 2 ( P < 0.05). There was significant difference in the partial pressure of oxygen between the two arterial samples ( P < 0.001). An observer blinded to the FiO 2, subjectively evaluated the SI of peripheral CSF spaces on T2w-FLAIR images as high or low. SI ratios of CSF space and white matter were compared between the T2w-FLAIR images with 30 and 95% FiO 2. Plot profiles of the signal intensity (SI) from CSF spaces of three cerebral sulci and adjacent gray and white matter were generated. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed in six patients at the same time as T2w-FLAIR sequence acquisition. The T2w-FLAIR sequences were then repeated after 40 min. After acquisition of transverse and dorsal T2w-FLAIR images, the FiO 2 was increased to 95%.
Anesthesia was maintained by isoflurane 0.5–1 minimal alveolar concentration in 30% oxygen. Consequently, twelve patients were enrolled.
Animals with brain parenchymal abnormalities and/or meningeal contrast enhancement on MRI images and/or abnormal CSF analysis were excluded. Client-owned patients undergoing brain MRI were prospectively enrolled. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether a high FiO 2 is associated with hyperintensity in peripheral CSF spaces on T2w-FLAIR images in dogs and cats. The influence of FiO 2 on T2w-FLAIR images remains unreported in small animals. In humans, a high FiO 2 is associated with incomplete signal suppression of peripheral cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces on T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2w-FLAIR) sequences. The fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2) ranges between 30 and 95%. In veterinary medicine, patients undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under general anesthesia to enable acquisition of artifact-free images.
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